Rapid surgeries to treat congenital defects of the colon and anus in children

Most colon and anal problems in children are due to congenital defects that result in incomplete development of some organs in the child’s body during pregnancy, which results in the birth of a child who suffers from some symptoms ranging from simple to serious, such as intestinal obstruction, which requires rapid surgery in the child’s first week.
The incomplete growth of the colon and its reaching the anal canal leads to obstruction in the digestive system, the inability of the child to excrete stool, and the cessation of colon growth. There are two types, one of which is close to the anal canal and is easy to deal with with simple surgery, and the other is far from the anal canal and requires several surgeries, including diversion. The excretory route is in the abdomen until the child grows and surgery is performed to connect the colon to the anal canal.
In some cases, a change occurs in the path of the anal canal, leading to the vagina in female children or the urethra in male children. Treatment depends on repairing the path with simple surgery.
But the question is always whether the anal canal constrictor muscles have formed or not?
To answer this question, the necessary tests must be performed to ensure the formation of muscles before surgery to restore a path within the muscles. However, in the event that the muscles are not formed, a muscle segment from a leg can be used to move around the anal canal to act as a constrictor muscle, or the installation of an artificial device, which is not recommended for children.
In other cases, the birth defect is far from the digestive system, but it directly affects it. The incompleteness of the lumbar vertebrae in the lower back leads to the emergence of a cyst containing nerve fluid and parts of the nerve plexus of the back and legs. This cyst is removed by a neurosurgeon in the first period after birth, but the effects begin to appear. Appearance after the child exceeds two years of age and is unable to control the excretion of urine and stool. This is the result of paralysis of the muscles of the anal canal, which lose the ability to contract and relax as a result of the electrical impulses coming from the spine not reaching it. The anal area must be evaluated by a specialized group of examinations such as myography and nerve imaging. Pelvic pressure measurement inside the anal canal and rectum in magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic muscles and barium imaging of the colon and anus. Therefore, these cases are treated by delivering an electrical pulse to the nerves so that the impulses can reach the muscles.
Another group of patients suffers from the presence of a ring at the bottom of the rectum that is not connected to the ends of the nerve capillaries and becomes unable to sense or contract or relax. When the secretions descend to the rectum in normal cases, they are felt by the mucous membrane of the rectum and send an alert to the brain that there is waste for excretion, and with the completion of the process of natural excretion, the muscles relax. The bottom of the rectum to push the outputs out to the body. However, in cases where there are no nerve endings, the mucous membrane of the rectum loses the ability to sense, so waste collects inside the rectum and the patient does not feel it until the rectum hardens and fills to the end, and the stool falls out of the anal canal due to the severity of the hardness and not due to lack of control, and that some Children suffer from chronic constipation and the inability to defecate for a period of up to seven days and sometimes up to two weeks. These children suffer from a defect in the muscles of the pelvis and anal canal, which affects the process of emptying and defecation. This affects a child’s body and impairs growth as a result of the inability to have good nutrition and defecation.
Most birth defects in newborns and young children are concentrated in the lower colon at the rectum and anal canal, and are rarely in the colon itself, except for some bloody birthmarks that lead to cases of anal bleeding, protrusions inside the colon, or colon ulcers, which are rare cases.